Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 歹

Modern (Beijing) reading: dǎi

Russian meaning[s]: зло

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 78

Four-angle index: 4168

Character: 毋

Modern (Beijing) reading: wú móu

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝ

Classic Old Chinese: mǝ

Western Han Chinese: mǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: mwǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: miw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: mǝw

Middle Chinese: mü

Fanqie: 物扶 [a] 模侯 [b]

Rhyme class: 虞 [a] 尤 [b]

English meaning : injunctive-objective negative: should not, should not be expected to, absolutely don't

Russian meaning[s]: 1) запретительное отрицание не надо, не смейте; 2) не, нет; не имеется; 3) У (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 止之也. 從女. 有奸之首. 凡毋之屬皆從毋.

Comments: *mǝ is reconstructed because of the contraction 毋之 *mǝ-tǝ > 勿 *mǝt (MC mü is secondary, under the influence of 無 *ma). The reading *mǝ (MC mǝw, Pek. móu) is, in fact, attested, but only in the compound .....mou-dui 'name of a kind of ritual cap' (LZ). Further etymology see under 無.

Radical: 80

Four-angle index: 4776

Karlgren code: 0107 a

Shijing occurrences: 35.3

Character: 比

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: pijʔ

Classic Old Chinese: píj

Western Han Chinese: pjǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: pjǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: pjíj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pjíj

Late Postclassic Chinese: pjí

Middle Chinese: pjí

English meaning : to compare

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сравнивать; в сравнении с; уподобиться; сравнительный; относительный; 2) служебный глагол сравнения; 3) жестом (примером) изобразить, показать (размер, форму чего-л.); аллегория; 4) мат. отношение; пропорциональность; 5) сокр. Бельгия; [bì] 1) близость; близкий; 2) прилегать; ближайший; последний; 3) до, вплоть до, вм. 到 в обстоятельствах времени; 4) подряд, несколько в ряд; рядом

Comments: Also read: bì, MC pjì (FQ 必至), OC *pijʔ-s 'to put together, match, assemble; to join'. Another reading is bǐ, MC pí, OC *prijʔ 'to be cooperative' (Sch.: perhaps 'be associating'); the MC reading, however, is not quite reliable - may be a misspelling instead of *pjí, OC *pijʔ. For the meaning 'to join' Sch. also gives a reading MC bjì (from Jingdian shiwen), which is somewhat dubious.

The regular Sino-Viet. reading is ti` / ty`; thus bì is either an earlier or a later loanword.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 81

Four-angle index: 6922

Karlgren code: 0566 g-h

Vietnamese reading: bì

Shijing occurrences: 35.5

Character: 毛

Modern (Beijing) reading: máo

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhāw

Classic Old Chinese: mhāw

Western Han Chinese: mhāw

Eastern Han Chinese: mhāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhāw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhāw

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhāw

Middle Chinese: mâw

English meaning : hair, fur

Russian meaning[s]: 1) шерсть; волос; пух, перья; волоски (растений); ворс; волосатый; мохнатый; 2) незначительный, мелкий; 3) гривенник, 10 фэней; мелкая монета (общее понятие); 4) грубый; неотделанный; сырой; предварительный; 5) молодой, желторотый; 6) растеряться от страха; 7) вост. диал. приблизительно, примерно, около; 8) Мао (фамилия)

Comments: Viet. mào is a colloquial loanword (with a modified meaning: 'comb, crest (of bird)'); standard Sino-Viet. is mao. For OC *mh- cf. Meixian mau¹, Yilan mo¹. In EZ the word is also written as 旄 q.v. Also read *mhāw-s, MC mầw (FQ 莫報) id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 82

Four-angle index: 7204

Karlgren code: 1137 a-b

Vietnamese reading: mào

Jianchuan Bai: ma7, -ma4

Dali Bai: ma7, -ma5

Bijiang Bai: mie7,-mie4

Character: 氏

Modern (Beijing) reading: shì

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)eʔ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)é

Western Han Chinese: g(h)é

Eastern Han Chinese: g(h)jé

Early Postclassic Chinese: g(h)jé

Middle Postclassic Chinese: g(h)jé

Late Postclassic Chinese: g(h)jé

Middle Chinese: ʒ́é

English meaning : a honorific suffixed to place names (e.g. fiefs), kinship terms, feudal and official titles.

Russian meaning[s]: 1) род, фамилия; 2) девичья фамилия, урожденная; госпожа; я (женщина о себе); 3) господин; ученый; вельможа; 4) Ши (фамилия); [zhī] чжи (название древних племен на западе Китая)

Shuowen gloss: 巴蜀名山岸脅之堆旁箸欲落墮者曰氏.氏崩聲聞數百里.象形.**聲.凡氏之屬皆從氏.楊雄賦.響若氏**. [628]

Radical: 83

Four-angle index: 6685

Karlgren code: 0867 a-c

Shijing occurrences: 2.3, 28.4, 32.1, 32.2, 32.3

Character: 水

Modern (Beijing) reading: shuǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: tujʔ

Classic Old Chinese: twǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: twǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: ćwǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćwíj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćwíj

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćwí

Middle Chinese: śwí

English meaning : water, river

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вода; водянистый; сок; сочный; жидкость; выделения; 2) воды; река; водный, речной; серебристый; 3) разница на курсе (обычно при перерасчете на серебро); приплата; доплата; отчисление, комиссия; 4) соблазнять; уговаривать добром; 5) сорт товара; 6) астр. Меркурий; 7) Шуй (фамилия)

Comments: MC ś- is irregular; a clear indication of *t- is given by Min forms: Xiamen cui³, Chaozhou, Fuzhou cui³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5501

Karlgren code: 0576 a-c

Jianchuan Bai: śui1

Dali Bai: śui1

Bijiang Bai: śui1

Shijing occurrences: 39.1, 43.1, 43.2, 57.4, 58.4

Character: 火

Modern (Beijing) reading: huǒ

Preclassic Old Chinese: smǝ̄jʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m̥ǝ̄́j

Western Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄́j

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: xwấ

English meaning : fire

Russian meaning[s]: 1) огонь, пламя; зажигать огонь; 2) пожар; сжигать; 3) гнев, раздражение, пыл; 4) жар, лихорадка; воспаление; 5) срочный, экстренный; 6) группа, компания, ср. 夥; 7) Хо (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 5452

Karlgren code: 0353 a-c

Vietnamese reading: ho`a

Jianchuan Bai: xui1

Dali Bai: xui1

Bijiang Bai: fi1

Character: 爪

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćrūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: crū́

Western Han Chinese: c̣ǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: c̣ǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: c̣ǝ̣̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: c̣ạ̄́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: c̣ạ̄́w

Middle Chinese: c̣ạ́w

English meaning : claw

Russian meaning[s]: 1) коготь, когти; 2) лапы; [zhuǎ] см. 抓

Comments: Cf. PA *či̯ŭru ( ~ -a) 'to scratch, claw'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 87

Four-angle index: 4863

Karlgren code: 1111 a-b

Jianchuan Bai: ?ćui7

Dali Bai: co3-

Character: 父

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: baʔ

Classic Old Chinese: bá

Western Han Chinese: bá

Eastern Han Chinese: bwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: bwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: bwó

Middle Chinese: bǘ

English meaning : father, (relative of father's generation:) uncle

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отец, батюшка, папаша; 2) старший родственник; [fǔ] 1) старый (почтенный) селянин; 2) второе имя, прозвище, см. 甫

Shuowen gloss: 巨也.家長率教者.從又.舉杖.

Comments: In early inscriptions the character is sometimes also used instead of 甫 *paʔ (honorific suffix). For initial *b- cf. Min forms: Xiamen pe⁶, Chaozhou pe⁴.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0102 a-e

Bijiang Bai: -bo1

Shijing occurrences: 2.3, 10.3, 29.4, 39.2, 51.1, 51.2

Character: 爻

Modern (Beijing) reading: yáo

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)rāw

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)rāw

Western Han Chinese: grāw (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: grāw (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄w (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄w (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gạ̄w (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣạw

English meaning : change [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) черта в триграмме (Ицзина); 2) копировать, подражать

Comments: Mod. yao is irregular; there is also a regular reading xiáo.

Radical: 89

Four-angle index: 6393

Karlgren code: 1167 a-c

Character: 片

Modern (Beijing) reading: piàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: phēns

Classic Old Chinese: phēnh

Western Han Chinese: phjānh

Eastern Han Chinese: phiānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phiḕn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phiḕn

Late Postclassic Chinese: phiḕn

Middle Chinese: phìen

English meaning : partial, one-sided [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дощечка; щепка; стружка; пластинка; полоска; ломтик; 2) карточка, открытка; визитная карточка; 3) лепесток; часть; отрывок; кусочек; 4) счетный суффикс; [piān] 1) фильм, кинокартина; 2) граммофонная пластинка

Comments: Also read *phān-s, MC phwần, Pek. pàn "one half, one of two parts" (LZ)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 91

Four-angle index: 2798

Karlgren code: 0218 a

Character: 牙

Modern (Beijing) reading: yá

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋrā

Classic Old Chinese: ŋrā

Western Han Chinese: ŋrā

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋrǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄

Middle Chinese: ŋạ

English meaning : tooth, tusk, (ivory)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зуб, клык; вцепиться зубами; зубчатый; 2) слоновая кость; 3) посредник, комиссионер; маклер; 4) стар. невысокие военные должности; 5) умный, понятливый; 6) Я (фамилия)

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is nha. For *ŋ- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou ge², Fuzhou, Jianou ŋa².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 92

Four-angle index: 3251

Karlgren code: 0037 a-b

Vietnamese reading: ngà

Shijing occurrences: 17.3

Character: 牛

Modern (Beijing) reading: niú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋuǝ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋwǝ

Western Han Chinese: ŋwǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋwǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋǝw

Middle Chinese: ŋǝw

Fanqie: 宜求

Rhyme class: 尤

English meaning : bovine, cattle, cow, ox

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бык, вол, корова; 2) созвездие Тельца; 3) Ню (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 大牲也. 牛件也. 件事理也. 象角頭三封尾之形. 凡牛之屬皆從牛.

Comments: For *ŋ- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou gu², Fuzhou ŋu², Jianou niu².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 93

Four-angle index: 2469

Vietnamese reading: n'u

Jianchuan Bai: ŋɨ7

Dali Bai: ŋɨ7

Bijiang Bai: ŋɨ7

Character: 犬

Modern (Beijing) reading: quǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷīnʔ

Classic Old Chinese: khwī́n

Western Han Chinese: khwjǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: khwiǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwiḗn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwiḗn

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwiḗn

Middle Chinese: khwíen

Fanqie: 去選

Rhyme class: 銑

English meaning : dog

Russian meaning[s]: собака, пес; собачий; по-собачьи; вежл. мой (о детях)

Shuowen gloss: 狗之有縣蹄者也. 象形. 孔子曰. 視犬之字. 如畫狗也. 凡犬之屬皆從犬.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 94

Four-angle index: 4947

Karlgren code: 0479 a-d

Vietnamese reading: khuyê`n

Jianchuan Bai: khuã1

Dali Bai: khua1

Bijiang Bai: qhõ1

Character: 王

Modern (Beijing) reading: wáng wàng [wǎng] [yù]

Preclassic Old Chinese: whaŋ whaŋs

Classic Old Chinese: whaŋ

Western Han Chinese: whaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: whaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: whaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: whaŋ

Middle Chinese: waŋ wàŋ

Fanqie: 余狂 [a] 喻貺 [b]

Rhyme class: 陽 [a] 漾 [b] 養 [c] 沃 [d]

English meaning : king

Russian meaning[s]: 1) князь, царь; король; королевский; 2) совершенный правитель; 3) Ван (фамилия); [wàng] 1) княжить, править; 2) см. 旺; [yù] см. 玉

Shuowen gloss: 天下所歸往也. 董仲舒曰. 古之造文者. 三畫而連其中謂之王. 三者. 天地人也. 而參通之者王也. 孔子曰. 一貫三為王. 凡王之屬皆從王.

Comments: Also read *whaŋ-s, MC wàŋ 'be king over, govern'. Standard Sino-Viet. is vu'o'ng. For *wh- cf. Chaozhou heŋ2.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 312

Karlgren code: 0739 a-h

Vietnamese reading: vua

Shijing occurrences: 10.3, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 40.2, 40.3

Character: 丙

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǐng

Preclassic Old Chinese: praŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: práŋ

Western Han Chinese: práŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: préŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: péŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: péŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: péŋ

Middle Chinese: pä́iŋ

Fanqie: 彼影

Rhyme class: 梗

English meaning : the 3d of the Heavenly Stems

Russian meaning[s]: 1) третий из 10 циклических знаков; третий; литер "В"; 2) пожар; огонь; 3) хвост рыбы; 4) Бин (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 位南方. 萬物成炳. 然陰气將虧. 從一入冂. 一者. 陽也. 丙承乙. 象人肩. 凡丙之屬皆從丙.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 3950

Karlgren code: 0757 a-f

Go-on: hiyau

Kan-on: hei

Japanese reading: hei;hinoe;akiraka

Character: 世

Modern (Beijing) reading: shì

Preclassic Old Chinese: slats (< *-ps)

Classic Old Chinese: l̥ać

Western Han Chinese: l̥aś

Eastern Han Chinese: śaś

Early Postclassic Chinese: śeś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śèj

Late Postclassic Chinese: śèj

Middle Chinese: śèj

English meaning : generation, epoch, age

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мир; мировой, всемирный; человечество; 2) век; вся жизнь; эпоха, период; годы; 3) 30 лет; поколение; одного поколения; современный; современники; из поколения в поколение; старинный, традиционный; 4) старший (в роде); наследственный; 5) светский; вульгарный; 6) 31-е число (в телеграммах); 7) Ши (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 838

Karlgren code: 0339 a-c

Vietnamese reading: thế

Character: 丕

Modern (Beijing) reading: pī

Preclassic Old Chinese: phrǝ

Classic Old Chinese: phrǝ

Western Han Chinese: phrǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: phrǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: phɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phij

Late Postclassic Chinese: phi

Middle Chinese: phi

English meaning : be too much, overbearing; very, very much, great, grand

Russian meaning[s]: 1) огромный, большой; великий; 2) сокр. пезета

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 72

Character: 且

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiě

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćhiaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: chiá

Western Han Chinese: chiá

Eastern Han Chinese: chjä́

Early Postclassic Chinese: chjá

Middle Postclassic Chinese: chjá

Late Postclassic Chinese: chjá

Middle Chinese: chjá

English meaning : moreover, furthermore, in addition, as well as, and

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пока, покамест; еще, все еще; 2) или же, либо же; 3) в будущем, в дальнейшем; вот-вот, см. 將; 4) союз, связывающий сказуемые-прилагательные и сказуемые-глаголы и; 5) начальный грамматический знак в вэньяне к тому же; пока положим, что..., а теперь...; 6) выдерживать; стойкий (в употреблении, носке и т. п.); [ju] древн. частица в конце предложения

Comments: Other readings: *ćha (MC chjö, Pek. qū) 'obstruct'; *ća (MC cjö, Pek. jū) 'final particle; plenty, many' (thus in Shi 41,1).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 595

Karlgren code: 0046 a-g

Shijing occurrences: 28.4, 30.1, 40.1, 41.1_, 41.2_, 41.3_, 42.3, 47.2, 54.3

Character: 丘

Modern (Beijing) reading: qīu

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷǝ

Classic Old Chinese: khwǝ

Western Han Chinese: khǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: khiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝw

Middle Chinese: khǝw

English meaning : hill

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Shijing occurrences: 37.1, 54.3, 58.1_